Which type of paint protects industrial steel from fire damage by swelling into a protective foam?

Intumescent paint is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide fire protection for materials such as industrial steel. When exposed to high temperatures, intumescent paint undergoes a chemical reaction that causes it to expand and form a thick, insulating foam. This foam serves as a barrier, protecting the underlying steel from direct heat and delaying the onset of structural failure during a fire. This property makes intumescent paint an essential component in fireproofing applications, particularly in construction and industrial settings.

The other types of paint mentioned do not serve the same protective function. For instance, abrasion-resistant paint is formulated to withstand wear and tear from physical contact and abrasion, but it does not offer fire protection. Antifouling paint is designed to prevent the growth of marine organisms on boat hulls and submerged structures, focusing on different environmental challenges rather than fire resistance. Decorative paint is primarily used for aesthetics and may not provide any special protective qualities against fire or other hazards. Thus, intumescent paint stands out for its unique ability to enhance fire safety in steel structures.